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Digital Privacy and Article 21 of the Indian Constitution

18 January 2026 by
Sumeet Baid
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“A man has the right to pass this world, if he wills, without holding his pictures published, his business enterprises discussed, his successful experiments written up for the benefit of others, of his eccentricities commented upon, whether in handbills, circulars, catalogues, newspapers or periodicals.”

— Alton B. Parker, American Jurist

INTRODUCTION

Article 21 in our Constitution provides the Right to Privacy as one of the fundamental rights guaranteed to the citizens. The quest for privacy is a natural need of a man as it establishes individual boundaries and restricts the entry of others into that area.

But in today’s digital world, privacy has become a myth. Personal spaces and safeties that were previously granted simply by physical separation are no longer protected. The digital network enters the most proximate space and challenges the normally accepted notion of the private.

THE PROBLEM

Digital Privacy Is at Risk

Knowing the most common problems is the first step towards protecting both your confidential data and yourself from vulnerability.

Inability to Navigate Digital Space

Most people do not know how to use search engines properly, recognise reputable websites, or use essential tools like email or word processors. They simply tick the “agree” option for terms, agreements, or cookies without even looking at them, which ultimately exposes them to vulnerability.

Blind Sharing of Sensitive Information with AI

In present times, the influence of AI tools has become an essential part of our day to day life, leading to oversharing of information which can later be used to backfire.

Unauthorized Spamming and Misleading Advertisement

Spam and misleading advertisements refer to unwanted messages and advertisements sent to users without their consent. These messages may contain viruses, malware, or other harmful content.

Grooming Through Social Media

Some tricksters use online platforms to build trust with individuals in order to exploit them later. This can happen through social media applications or other digital services.

THE CONSEQUENCES

Due to Lack of Digital Privacy

Chilling Effect

Due to infringement of digital privacy, fear is created among the public about consequences or repercussions, even if no direct threat is made.

Data Breaches

A massive amount of data is collected by top companies, which eventually leads to higher chances of exposure or breach.

Third Party Data Sharing

The privacy environment is further complicated by companies sharing data with others without user consent and with zero control over how it is used.

FUTURE ASPECTS AND SOLUTIONS

To Be Protected and Stay Safe

Since the future is moving towards digitalisation, it is nearly impossible to detach ourselves completely from its loopholes. However, we can protect ourselves with accountable management.

Use Multiple Passwords for Multiple Accounts

Reusing the same username and password for multiple online accounts may seem convenient, but it is risky and leaves you vulnerable to cybercriminals. If a hacker gains access to one password, they can easily access other accounts, putting personal information and finances at risk.

Safeguard Your Browsers

Ensure that browser extensions come from safe sources. Consider using privacy focused browsers such as Brave or Firefox, along with privacy extensions. Browsing in incognito mode can further enhance digital privacy.

Be Mindful of What You Share

Be careful about the personal information you post on social media. Avoid sharing sensitive information that could help cybercriminals exploit you.

CONCLUSION

As data collection becomes more pervasive and sophisticated, the risks to individual rights and societal well being grow exponentially. Technology will continue to become more integrated into everyday life. Therefore, the decisions taken today will direct our path towards safety or towards destroying our future

Sumeet Baid 18 January 2026
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